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[Steve Shipway <address@concealed>]

> Thanks for the info! I've run 'alter table sympa.$table convert to
> character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci' on all my sympa tables
> and that seems to have fixed it.
>
> ...

> Ok, so utf8mb4_general_ci should change for the server settings below?
>
> MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "collation%";
> +----------------------+--------------------+
> > Variable_name        | Value              |
> +----------------------+--------------------+
> > collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
> > collation_database   | utf8mb4_general_ci |
> > collation_server     | utf8mb4_general_ci |
> +----------------------+--------------------+
>
> Add to /etc/mysql/conf.d/sympa.cnf ?:
>
> [mysqld]
>    collation-server     = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
>    init-connect         ='SET NAMES utf8mb4_unicode_ci'
>    character-set-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
>
> [client]
>    default-character-set=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
>
> [mysql]
>    default-character-set=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

The first change would be a good idea to change your system defaults to match the _unicode_ collation, to ensure that this problem does not happen again.  The second would have a similar effect.  Since you're standardising on utf8mb4_unicode everywhere it certainly wouldn't hurt I think

Steve

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